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SQL 快速参考


SQL 语句 语法
AND / OR SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition
ALTER TABLE ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatypeorALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name
AS (别名) SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_nameorSELECT column_name FROM table_name  AS table_alias
BETWEEN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2
CREATE DATABASE CREATE DATABASE database_name
CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, column_name3 data_type, ... )
CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name) 或者 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name)
CREATE VIEW CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition
DELETE DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column=some_valueor DELETE FROM table_name (Note: 删除整个表!!)DELETE * FROM table_name (Note: 删除整个表!!)
DROP DATABASE DROP DATABASE database_name
DROP INDEX DROP INDEX table_name.index_name (SQL Server) DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name (MS Access) DROP INDEX index_name (DB2/Oracle) ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name (MySQL)
DROP TABLE DROP TABLE table_name
EXISTS IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE id = ?) BEGIN --如果存在时执行 END ELSE BEGIN --不存在时执行 END
GROUP BY SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name
HAVING SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value GROUP BY column_name HAVING aggregate_function(column_name) operator value
IN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name IN (value1,value2,..)
INSERT INTO INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....) 或者 INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3,...) VALUES (value1, value2, value3,....)
INNER JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 INNER JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
LEFT JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 LEFT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
RIGHT JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 RIGHT JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
FULL JOIN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 FULL JOIN table_name2 ON table_name1.column_name=table_name2.column_name
LIKE SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern
ORDER BY SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name [ASC|DESC]
SELECT SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
SELECT * SELECT * FROM table_name
SELECT DISTINCT SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name
SELECT INTO SELECT * INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_nameorSELECT column_name(s) INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase] FROM old_table_name
SELECT TOP SELECT TOP number|percent column_name(s) FROM table_name
TRUNCATE TABLE TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1 UNION ALL SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
UPDATE UPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value,... WHERE some_column=some_value
WHERE SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value